Vol 21. N°4. 2020  |  Octubre-Diciembre de 2020


ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES - ALIMENTOS


CONSUMO DE YERBA MATE EN JÓVENES SANOS. RELACIÓN CON EL ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL Y EL PERFIL LIPÍDICO

Autores: SILVIA ESTHER HOLOVATTY, MARÍA SUSANA CASTILLO RASCÓN, BLANCA HAYDEE CEBALLOS, MELISA NOELIA BLANCO


RESUMEN

Introducción: las enfermedades del aparato circulatorio constituyen la primera causa de muerte en la provincia de Misiones y el mate es una infusión de consumo masivo en la región.
Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia del consumo de mate en jóvenes aparentemente sanos, y su relación con el sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el perfil lipídico.
Materiales y métodos: se completó un cuestionario para conocer los hábitos de consumo de yerba mate. Se midieron peso y talla para calcular el IMC. Las determinaciones bioquímicas se realizaron con ayuno de 12 horas; colesterol total y triglicéridos (TG) por método enzimático colorimétrico, colesterol-HDL (c-HDL) y colesterol-LDL por método homogé- neo, en auto analizador Dimension RL MAX de Siemens. Se estudiaron 406 jóvenes, 188 varones y 218 mujeres.
Resultados: el 76,4% consumía mate, mayor en mujeres (82,1%) que en varones (69,7%) (p=0,003). El consumo se asoció positivamente con la edad (p<0,001) y no se observó asociación con el IMC (p=0,989). En los consumidores de mate, TG (p=0,039), colesterol-no HDL (0,040), CT/c-HDL (p=0,001) y TG/c-HDL (p=0,001) fueron significativamente más bajos que en los no consumidores, mientras que el c-HDL (p=0,001) fue más alto.
Conclusiones: el hallazgo de un efecto favorable sobre el perfil lipídico en jóvenes consumidores de yerba mate podría constituir un beneficio para la salud de quienes la consumen y aportaría valor agregado a la hora de la conquista de nuevos mercados por parte de la industria yerbatera.

PALABRAS CLAVE: yerba mate; lípidos sanguíneos; índice de masa corporal; edad; sexo.

REFERENCIAS:
1. Instituto Nacional de la Yerba Mate (INYM). Consumo interno y salida al exterior. Informe mensual del sector yerbatero. Posadas; Dic 2018. Disponible en: https://www.inym.org.ar/ publicaciones/estadísticas.
2. Ferreira da Silveira TF, Meinhart AD, Coutinho JP, de Souza TCL, et al. Content of lutein in aqueous extracts of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Food Res Int; 2016. 82: 165-71.
3. Barbosa JZ, Zambon LM, Motta ACV, Wendling I. Composition, hot-water solubility of elements and nutritional value of fruits and leaves of yerba mate. Ciênc. Agrotec; 2015.39(6): 593–603.
4. Pereira CC, Souza AO, Oreste EQ, et al. Acid Decomposition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) using a reflux system for the evaluation of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb and Zn contents by atomic spectrometric techniques. Chem. Soc. Sao Paulo; 2016. 27(4): 685–93.
5. de Oliveira DM, Sampaio G R, Pinto CB, Catharino R R, Bastos DHM. Bioavailability of chlorogenic acids in rats after acute ingestion of maté tea (Ilex paraguariensis) or 5-caffeoylquinic acid. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56(8):2541-56.
6. Holovatty S. Contenido de polifenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante durante el procesamiento de la yerba mate. Tesis de maestría. Posadas: Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; 2007.
7. Ferreira F, Vásquez A, Guntner C, Moyna P. Inhibition of the passive diffusion of cholic acid by the Ilex paraguariensis St Hil saponins. Phytotherapy Res 1997; 11:79-81.
8. Bok SH, Park SY, Park YB et al. Quercetin dihydrate and gallate supplements lower plasma and hepatic lipids and change activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high cholesterol-fed rats. J Vitam Nutr Res 2001; 72 (3):161-9.
9. Kang YR, Lee HY, Kim JH, et al. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28(1): 23-9.
10. Filip R, Lotito SB, Ferraro G, Fraga CG. Antioxidant activity of Ilex paraguariensis and related species. Nutr Res 2000; 20:1437-46.
11. Sánchez-Boado L, Fretes RM, Brumovsky LA. Bioavailability and antioxidant effect of the Ilex paraguariensis polyphenols. Nut Food Sci 2015; 45(2): 326-35.
12. Rodríguez de Sotillo DV, Hadley M. Chlorogenic acid modifies plasma and liver concentrations of: cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and minerals in (fa/fa) Zucker rats. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13(12):717-26.
13. Balzan S, Hemandes A, Reichert CL, et al. Lipid-lowering effects of standardized extracts of Ilex paraguariensis in high-fat-diet rats. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:115-22.
14. Gnoni GV, Paglialonga G, Siculella L. Quercetin inhibits fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in rat-liver cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39 (9):761-8.
15. Martins F, Noso TM, Porto VB, et al. Mate tea inhibits in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and has hypolipidemic effect on highfat diet-induced obese mice. Obesity 2010; 18 (1):42-7.
16. de Moráis EC, Stefanuto A, Klein GA, et al. Consumption of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) improves serum lipid parameters in healthy dyslipidemic subjects and provides an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction in individuals on statin therapy. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57 (18): 8316-24.
17. Klein GA, Stefanuto A, Boaventura BC, et al. Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) improves glycemic and lipid profiles of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes individuals: a pilot study. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30 (5): 320-32.
18. Messina D, Soto C, Méndez A, et al. Efecto hipolipemiante del consumo de mate en individuos dislipidémicos. Nutr Hosp 2015; 31(5): 2131-39.
19. Matsumoto RL, Bastos DH, Mendonza S, et al. Effects of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) ingestion on mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant status inhealthy women. J Agrie Food Chem 2009; 57 (5): 1775-80.
20. Gugliucci A. Antioxidant effects of Ilex paraguariensis: induction of decreased oxidability of human LDL in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 224(2): 338-44.
21. Instituto Nacional de la Yerba Mate (INYM): Investigación cuantitativa consumo de Yerba Mate-Geo research for strategy. Posadas, mayo 2009. Disponible en: https://yerbamateargentina. org.ar/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ InvestigacionCuantitativa-Consumo-yerba-mate-2008.pdf.
22. Gambero A, Ribeiro M L. The positive effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity. Nutrients 2015; 7(2): 730-50.
23. Borges MC, Vínolo MA, Nakajima K, et al. The effect of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in high-fat diet-fed Wistar rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64(5):561-9.
24. Gao H, Long Y, Jiang X, et al. Beneficial effects of yerba mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on hyperlipidemiain high-fat-fed hamsters. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48 (6):572-8.
25. Guía de Práctica Clínica de la Sociedad Argentina de Lípidos sobre Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de las Dislipemias en Adultos 2019. Sociedad Argentina de Lípidos. Disponible en: https:// www.sociedadargentinadelipidos.com.

---

YERBA MATE CONSUMPTION IN HEALTHY YOUNG PEOPLE. RELATIONSHIP WITH BODY MASS INDEX AND LIPID PROFILE

SUMMARY

Introduction: diseases of the circulatory system are the leading cause of death in the province of Misiones and mate is an infusion of mass consumption in the region.
Objectives: to determine the frequency of consumption of mate in apparently healthy young people and its relationship with sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile.
Materials and methods: a questionnaire was completed to know the consumption habits of yerba mate. Weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. Biochemical determinations were performed with a 12-hour fast; total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) by colorimetric enzymatic method, HDL-cholesterol (c-HDL) and LDL-cholesterol by homogeneous method; in Siemens Dimension RL MAX auto analyzer. 406 young people, 188 men and 218 women were studied.
Results: 76.4% consumed mate, higher in women (82.1%) than in men (69.7%) (p=0.003). Consumption was positively associated with age (p<0.001) and no association was observed with BMI (p=0.989). In the consumers of mate; TG (p=0.039), non-HDL cholesterol (0.040), CT/c-HDL (p=0.001) and TG/c-HDL (p=0.001) were significantly lower than in non-consumers, while c -HDL (p = 0.001) was higher.
Conclusions: the finding of a favorable effect on the lipid profile in young consumers of YM could constitute a health benefit for those who consume and provide added value when it comes to the conquest of new markets by the herb industry.

Key words: yerba mate; blood lipids; body mass index; age; sex.


DESCARGAR TEXTO COMPLETO EN PDF