Revista SAN

Vol 20. N°3. 2019 | Julio-Septiembre de 2019

REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA - ALIMENTOS

EFECTOS DE DIFERENTES FUENTES DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS N-3 (CHÍA, VEGETAL Y MARINA, ANIMAL) SOBRE COMPONENTES DEL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO EN MODELOS EXPERIMENTALES (RATAS/RATONES)

Autores: DAIANA GISEL MARANO, PAMELA ROCÍO FERNÁNDEZ, MARÍA EUGENIA D'ALESSANDRO

RESUMEN

Introducción: el síndrome metabólico (SM) constituye una constelación de factores interrelacionados que elevan el riesgo de padecer enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La composición de la dieta es crucial en la modifcación de estos factores. Numerosos trabajos focalizaron su atención en fuentes de ácidos grasos n-3 de origen marino (animal) en el manejo de estos trastornos, pero más escasos y contemporá- neos son aquellos de fuentes n-3 de origen vegetal.
Objetivos: realizar un análisis crítico de la evidencia científca experimental de los efectos de una fuente vegetal (Salvia hispanica L. -chía-) y otra animal (marina) de ácidos grasos n-3 sobre alteraciones metabólicas presentes en el SM.
Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y observacional aplicado a una muestra de 32 artículos científcos. Se analizaron los efectos de diferentes fuentes de ácidos grasos n-3 (aceite/ semilla de chía y aceites marinos) sobre diferentes parámetros relacionados al SM en modelos experimentales inducidos por dietas ricas en azúcares simples y/o grasas.
Resultados: ambas fuentes de n-3 mejoran los niveles de triglicéridos, colesterol total y ácidos grasos libres plasmáticos, glucemia, sensibilidad insulínica, peso del tejido adiposo (visceral), presión arterial sistólica, tamaño de adipocitos, triglicéridos hepáticos, marcadores proin?amatorios, tolerancia a la glucosa y actividad de enzimas lipogénicas y antioxidantes.
Conclusiones: la fuente vegetal y marina de n-3 mostró efectos benefciosos sobre algunos factores de riesgo del SM, y se postula a la semilla/aceite de chía como una alternativa novedosa frente a la tradicional fuente marina en el manejo de estos trastornos.

PALABRAS CLAVE: síndrome metabólico experimental; ácidos grasos n-3; aceite/semilla de chía; aceite de pescado.

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF N-3 FATTY ACIDS (CHIA, VEGETAL AND MARINE, ANIMAL) ON METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS (RATS/MOUSES)

SUMMARY

Introduction: the metabolic syndrome (MS) constitutes a constellation of interrelated factors that increase the risk of suffering cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. The composition of the diet is crucial in the modifcation of these factors. Numerous works focused attention on sources of n-3 fatty acids of marine (animal) origin in the management of these disorders, but scarce and more contemporary are those of n-3 of plant sources.
Objectives: to carry out a critical analysis of the experimental scientifc evidence of the effects of a vegetable source (Salvia hispanica L. -chia-) and another animal (marine) of n-3 fatty acids on metabolic alterations present in the SM.
Materials and methods: descriptive and observational study applied to a sample of 32 scientifc articles. The effects of n-3 fatty acids (seed/oil chia and marine oils) on different SMrelated parameters were analyzed in experimental models induced by diets rich in simple sugars and/or fats.
Results: both sources of n-3 improve triglycerides, total cholesterol and plasma free fatty acids levels, glycemia, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, weight of adipose tissue (visceral), systolic blood pressure, size of adipocytes, hepatic triglycerides, proin?ammatory markers and lipogenic and antioxidants enzymes activities.
Conclusions: the vegetable and marine source of n-3 showed benefcial effects on some risk factors of MS, becoming to the seed/oil of chia as a novel alternative to the traditional marine source in the management of these disorders.

Key words: experimental metabolic syndrome; n-3 fatty acids; seed/oil chia; fsh oil.

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